Criminal Law Policy on Environmental Crimes in Climate Change Issue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v5i2.1372Keywords:
Criminal Law, Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Green CriminologyAbstract
Climate change caused by human activities such as deforestation and pollution is a serious global issue. In Indonesia, despite the existence of the Environmental Protection and Management Law, the enforcement of environmental criminal law is still weak due to light sanctions, overlapping regulations, and corruption. This study assesses the effectiveness of environmental criminal policy in Bali related to climate change through an analysis of Regional Regulation No. 5/2011 and empirical data from interviews and court decisions. The results show that the environmental criminal law framework has not explicitly criminalized activities that cause climate change, such as carbon emissions from land conversion, and existing sanctions are not commensurate with ecological losses. Empirically, only 20% of environmental cases result in imprisonment, while 80% are resolved administratively. The main obstacles include economic pressure from the tourism industry, limited capacity of the apparatus, and conflicts between national and customary laws. This study recommends revision of regulations to include aspects of climate change, the establishment of a Special Environmental Court, and the integration of customary sanctions. These findings contribute to the green criminology literature and offer a Balinese Eco-Legal Framework model to balance tourism development and environmental protection. Without strong policy intervention, Bali is at risk of losing its ecological carrying capacity.
References
Atmadja, A. T., Adi, K., Saputra, K., Manurung, D. T. H., & Wulandari, R. (2021). Factors That Influence Financial Management : A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 1203–1211. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.1203
Atmadja, A. T., Saputra, K. A. K., Tama, G. M., & Paranoan, S. (2021). Influence of Human Resources. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 563–570. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0563
Chen, S., Zolo, Y., Ngulube, L., Isiagi, M., & Maswime, S. (2025). Global surgery and climate change: how global surgery can prioritise both the health of the planet and its people. In BMC surgery (Vol. 25, Issue 1, p. 21). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-024-02712-9
Darma, I. K., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021). Analysis of the Potential of Motor Vehicle Taxes and the Level of Risk During the Covid-19 Pandemic to Increase Regional Income in Bali Province. Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(7), 872–883.
Darmawan, N. A. S., Laksmi, P. A. S., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2023). Socialization of E-commerce for Marketing Agricultural Products in Sangsit Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency, Bali. Community Service: Sustainability Development, 1(1), 2018–2022.
Foster, B., Saputra, J., Johansyah, M., & Muhammad, Z. (2022). Do intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty affect firm performance? A mediating role of value chain. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 10(3), 1055–1064.
Ho, G. K. S., Lam, C., & Law, R. (2023). Conceptual framework of strategic leadership and organizational resilience for the hospitality and tourism industry for coping with environmental uncertainty. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 835–852.
Jayawarsa, A. A. K., Purnami, A. A. S., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021a). Meaning the economic existence and financial management of the small organization of a traditional village in bali. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(5), 8–15. https://ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/IJBEL24.ISU-5-806.pdf
Jayawarsa, A. A. K., Purnami, A. A. S., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021b). Pentahelix To Build Sustainable Village and Tourism : a Theoretical Study. American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS), 04(11), 20–27.
Jayawarsa, A. A. K., Saputra, K. A. K., & Purnami, A. A. S. (2021). Is It Important to Manage and Identify Village Wealth as a First Step to Becoming a Village Sustainability? South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(6), 39–44. www.sustainable.org,
Jayawarsa, A. A. K., Wulandari, I. G. A. A., Saputra, K. A. K. S., & Saputri, N. M. M. D. (2021). Public Financial in State Owned Banks: From an Inflation Perspective and Bank Indonesia Interest Rate. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(1), 105–112. www.bi.go.id
Kim, B. F., Santo, R. E., Scatterday, A. P., Fry, J. P., Synk, C. M., Cebron, S. R., Mekonnen, M. M., Hoekstra, A. Y., De Pee, S., & Bloem, M. W. (2020). Country-specific dietary shifts to mitigate climate and water crises. Global Environmental Change, 62, 101926.
Laksmi, A. A. R. S., Wisnumurti, A. A. G. O., & Mardika, I. made. (2020). Warisan Budaya (WB) Sebagai Basis Wisata Spiritual Desa Adat. Postgraduate Community Service Journal, 1(2), 59–64.
Laksmi, P. A. S., Arjawa, I. G. W., & Pulawan, I. M. (2023). Community Participation to Improve Tourism Industry Performance: A Case Study in Mandalika Lombok Tourist Area. International Journal of Social Health, 2(6), 377–384.
Laksmi, P. A. S., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2024a). Manajemen Bisnis Pariwisata. In Manajemen Bisnis.
Laksmi, P. A. S., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2024b). Manajemen Pariwisata Budaya. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PARIWISATA_BUDAYA/v3jNDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0
Larasdiputra, G. D., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021). The Effect of Tax Amnesty , Compliance Fees , and Tax Sanctions on Individual Taxpayer Compliance. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(2), 84–89.
Muhammad, S., Zulham, T., Sapha, D., & Saputra, J. (2019). Investigating the public spending and economical growth on the poverty reduction in Indonesia. Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, 18(3), 495–500.
Pokhrel, Y., Felfelani, F., Satoh, Y., Boulange, J., Burek, P., Gädeke, A., Gerten, D., Gosling, S. N., Grillakis, M., & Gudmundsson, L. (2021). Global terrestrial water storage and drought severity under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 11(3), 226–233.
Purnamawati, I. A. P. S., Laksmi, P. A. S., & Suriani, N. N. (2024). Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Sirkular Melalui Produksi Eco-Enzim dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Sisa Makanan di Desa Mambal. Akuntansi Dan Humaniora: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.38142/ahjpm.v3i1.993
Putri, P. Y. A., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021a). Oportunist and Efficient Perspective of Management Based on the Motivational Aspects That Based on it. Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(8), 1629–1643.
Putri, P. Y. A., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021b). Writing of Scientific Works in a Dissertation Context and the Difference with Thesis. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(4), 1–7.
Sancaya, I. W. W., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2024). VillageWaste Management Strategy as an Economic Asset: Accounting Evaluation and Implementation of Sustainable Practices in Bongkasa Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. Community Service: Sustainability Development, 1(3), 83–89.
Sancaya, I. W. W., Saputra, K. A. K., & Sutama, N. (2025). Bullying Prevention Program Since Elementary School In Peguyangan Kaja Village, Denpasar. Community Service: Sustainability Development, 2(1), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.24.1.6
Saputra, K. A. K. (2021). the Effect of Sound Governance and Public Finance Management on the Performance of Local Governments. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 118(10), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-10.04
Saputra, K. A. K., Atmadja, A. T., Koswara, M. K., & Tama, G. M. (2021). Examining the Role of Village Funds in Village Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs). South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(6), 45–51.
Saputra, K. A. K., Darmawan, N. A. S., & Laksmi, P. A. S. (2024). Kajian Etnografi Kinerja Berkelanjutan.
Saputra, K. A. K., & Kawisana, P. G. W. P. (2021). Analysis of the Influence of Power , Auditor Experience and Task Complexity on Audit Judgment. Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(4), 6370–6379.
Saputra, K. A. K., & Laksmi, P. A. S. (2024a). The Influence of Green Governance, Implementation of Energy Accounting, and Green Human Resource Management on Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Study in the Hospitality Industry in Bali. JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi), 9(1).
Saputra, K. A. K., & Laksmi, P. A. S. (2024b). The Influence of Green Governance, Implementation of Energy Accounting, and Green Human Resource Management on Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Study in the Hospitality Industry in Bali. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 9(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.23887/jia.v9i1.66630
Saputra, K. A. K., Laksmi, P. A. S., & Dharmawan, I. N. A. S. (2025). Akuntansi Manajemen Lingkungan. In Manajemen Lingkungan (Vol. 7).
Saputra, K. A. K., Laksmi, P. A. S., Suriani, N., & Ekajayanti, L. G. P. S. (2024). Accounting Training to Support Transparent and Accountable Village Fund Reporting in Sibetan Village, KarangasemBali. Community Service: Sustainability Development, 1(2), 24–30.
Saputra, K. A. K., Manurung, D. T. H., Rachmawati, L., Siskawati, E., & Genta, F. K. (2021). Combining the concept of green accounting with the regulation of prohibition of disposable plastic use. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10087
Saputra, K. A. K. S., & Anggiriawan, P. B. (2021). Accounting, Auditing and Corruption in Kautilya’S Arthasastra Perspective and Psychogenetic Hindu: a Theoritical Review. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(2), 67–72.
Saputra, K. A. K., Subroto, B., Rahman, A. F., & Saraswati, E. (2021). Financial Management Information System, Human Resource Competency and Financial Statement Accountability: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 0277–0285. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.0277
Saputra, R., & Widiansyah, A. (2022). Environmental Protection and Management of The National Capital Development in The Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Land and Environmental Law, 1(1), 26–36.
Sara, I. M., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021a). Easy Access To Public Services Through Digital Village. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 119(11), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-11.13
Sara, I. M., & Saputra, K. A. K. (2021b). Socialization of the implementation of good village governance and sustainability village credit institutions: Community service in Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring district, Gianyar Regency, Bali. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(4), 58–65. https://www.ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJBEL24-726.pdf
Sara, I. M., Saputra, K. A. K., & Larasdiputra, G. D. (2021). Community Service Activities for Development of Potential Tourism Villages in Bali (A Study Based on Community Service in Siangan Village, Gianyar). Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(4), 6358–6369. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/7273%0Ahttps://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/7273/6925
Sara, I. M., & Saputra, K. A. K. S. (2021c). Manajemen Aset Sebagai Wujud Implementasi Tata Kelola Desa dan Pengidentifikasian Aset Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 04(01), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119558361.ch20
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wayan Werasmana SANCAYA, Komang Adi Kurniawan SAPUTRA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
