Implementation of the Integrity Zone Development Policy at the Central Statistics Agency of East Nusa Tenggara Province

Victor Edison Dillak; Petrus Kase; Nursalam Nursalam

doi:10.38142/jtep.v6i1.1871

Authors

Victor Edison Dillak Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
Petrus Kase Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
Nursalam Nursalam Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v6i1.1871

Keywords:

Implementation, Policy, WBK, WBBM, Performance, Organization

Abstract

One government agency implementing the Integrity Zone (ZI) through the Corruption-Free Area (WBK) and Clean and Serving Bureaucracy Area (WBBM) approach is the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province. However, as of 2024, BPS NTT has not yet achieved WBK or WBBM status from the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Integrity Zone development policy at BPS NTT. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected from primary and secondary sources involving 15 informants. Data analysis followed Creswell’s qualitative analysis techniques. The analysis is based on the policy implementation model proposed by Van Meter and Van Horn, which consists of six variables. The findings indicate that policy standards and objectives are clear and measurable; policy resources are adequate; inter-organizational communication and coordination are well established; implementers demonstrate discipline and a strong sense of responsibility; social, economic, and political conditions are supportive; and implementers’ dispositions positively influence policy implementation. Supporting factors include strong leadership commitment, a mature monitoring and evaluation system, a culture of innovation, and high public demand. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include limited employee understanding of change agent roles, uneven internet network coverage, respondent burden, and budgetary dynamics. Overall, the implementation of the Integrity Zone policy at BPS NTT shows positive progress but still faces structural and technical challenges.

References

Agustino, Leo. 2016. Dasar-Dasar Kebijakan Publik. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Anderson, James. 1979. Public Policy Making. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Anderson James E. 1984., Public Policy Making. ed.3. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Atmosudirjo, Prajudi, 1997. Dasar-dasar Administrasi. Cetakan X. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Barzelay, Michael. 1992. Breaking Through Bureaucracy: A New Vision For Managing in Government. California : University of California Press.

Bromley, Daniel W. 1989. Economic Interest and Institutions : The Conceptual Foundations of Public Policy. New York: Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Considine, M. 1994. Public Policy A Critical Approach. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education.

Creswell, Jhon W. 2016. Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan. Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Daraba, D. (2019). Reformasi birokrasi & pelayanan publik. Yogyakarta: Leisyah.

Dimock, Marshal Edward and Dimock Gladys Ogden. 1996. Administrasi Negara. Diterjemahkan oleh Husni Thamrin Pane. Cetakan Kelima. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Dunn, William N. 1994. Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction. New Jersey: Pearson.

Dunn, William N. 2003. Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Edisi Kedua. (Penerjemah: Samodra Wibawa dkk). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Dye Thomas R. 2005. Understanding Public Policy. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

Edward III, George C. 1980. Implementing Public Policy. Washington DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Eyestone, Robert. 1971. The Threads of Policy: A Study in Policy Leadership. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril.

Goggin, Malcolm L et al. 1990. Implementation, Theory and Practice: Toward a Third Generation. Scott, Foresmann and Company: USA.

Grindle, Merilee S. 1980. Politics and Policy Implementation in The Third World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Handayaningrat, Soewarno. 1995. Pengantar Studi Ilmu Administrasi dan Manajemen. Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.

Henry, N. 1988. Administrasi Negara dan Maaslah-masalah Kenegaraan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Hill, Michael and Hupe Peter. 2002. Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and Practice. London: Sage Publication.

Islamy. Irfan, 2001. Prinsip-prinsip Perumusan Kebijakan Negara. Cetakan X, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Kadir Abdlu. 2020. Administrasi Publik Dalam Ruang Lingkup Kebijakan Publik. Medan: CV. Dharma Persada Dharmasyara.

Kasim, M. 1994. Analisis Kebijakan Negara. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Nasir, Moh. 2005. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Ndraha, Taliziduhu. 2003. Kybernologi. Jakarta : PT. Rineka Cipta.

Nigro, F.A and Nigro, L.G. 1998. Modern Public Administration (terjemahan). New York; Herper and Row Publisher.

Nugroho D, Riant. 2004. Kebijakan Publik, Formulasi, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Jakarta:Gramedia.

Parson. Wayne. 1995. Public Policy. An Introduction to The Theory and Practice of Policy Analysis. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar.

Ripley, Randall B. Dan Franklin, Grace A. 1986. Policy Implementation and Bureaucracy. Chicago : The Dorsey Press.

Sabatier, P. A., 1986. Top down and Bottom up Approaches to Implementation Research. USA: Cambride University Press.

Silalahi, Ulbert. 1992. Studi Tentang Ilmu Administrasi: Konsep Teori dan Dimensi. Bandung: CV. Sinar Baru.

Soenarko. 2003. Public Policy: Pengertian Pokok Untuk Memahami dan Analisa Kebijaksanaan Pemerintah. Cetakan Kedua. Surabaya. Airlangga University Press.

Sudarsono Fx.,1994. Penelitian Evaluasi. Yogyakarta: Lembaga. Penelitian IKIP Yogyakarta.

Sugiyono. 2012. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&B. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Suradinata, Ermaya. 1994. Kebijaksanaan Pembangunan dan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah, (Perkembangan Teoridan Penerapan). Bandung: CV. Ramadhan.

Taufiqurakhman. 2014. Kebijakan Publik (Pendelegasian Tanggungjawab Negara Kepada Presiden Selaku Penyelenggara Pemerintahan). Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Moestopo Beragama (Pers)

Wahab Abdul, Solichin, 2015. Analisis Kebijaksanaan: dari Formulasi ke Implementasi. Kebijaksanaan Negara. Jakarta. Sinar Grafika

Jurnal

Ahmad Muballigin. (2025). Implementasi Pembangunan Zona Integritas pada Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas IIB Praya: Studi Kasus pada Perubahan Budaya Kerja Pegawai. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(4), 2187-2200. https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v5i4.6576

Aksom, H., & Vakulenko, V. (2024). Revisiting the scope and suggesting novel domains of institutional theory in the public administration research. Teaching Public Administration, 42(2), 230–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739423 1191935

Aliushyna, N., Boiko, O., Hzhybovska, T., & Rak, Y. (2022). Professionalisation Of Public Servants In The Context Of Implementing Public Administration Reforms. Public Policy and Administration, 21(5), 618– 628. https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA22-21-5-08

Aminah, S., & Saksono, H. (2021). Digital transformation of the government: A case study in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(2), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC2021-3702-17

Anggara, D., & Pramono, S. (2025). Implementasi Pembangunan Zona Integritas Wilayah Bebas dari Korupsi (WBK) di Kantor Bersama Samsat Surabaya Barat. Soetomo Magister Ilmu Administrasi, 2(2), 393 - 404. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unitomo.ac.id/index.php/smia/article/view/9305

Anggraini, W. (2020). Good Governance, International Organizations and Policy Transfer : Case of Indonesian Bureaucratic Reform Policy. Jurnal Administrasi dan Kebijakan Publik, 26(May), 33–46. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jkap/article/view/68703/ 33863

Barabashev, A., & Klimenko, A. (2023). Administrative And Civil Service Reforms In Russia: Recent Trends At The Time Of Turbulence. Public Administration Issues, 6, 44–61. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431- 2023-0-6-44-61

Biahimo, J., Mustapa Wantu, S., Aneta, Y., & Sulila, I. (2025). Transformasi Zona Integritas Menuju Birokrasi Bebas Korupsi : Tinjauan Kebijakan dan Strategi Implementasi di Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v5i1.2288

Broomfield, H., & Reutter, L. (2022). In search of the citizen in the datafication of public administration. Big Data and Society, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951722 1089302

Burns, A. F., Rajabifard, A., & Shojaei, D. (2023). Undertaking land administration reform: Is there a better way? Land Use Policy, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol. 2023.106824

Cahlikova, T., & Mabillard, V. (2020). Open Data and Transparency: Opportunities and Challenges in the Swiss Context. Public Performance and Management Review, 43(3), 662–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.20 19.1657914

Campomori, F., & Casula, M. (2022). Institutionalizing innovation in welfare local services through co-production: toward a Neo-Weberian State? Rivista Italiana Di Scienza Politica, 52(3), 313– 327. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2021.43

Carroll, D. A., & Yeo, J. (2024). What Can Reform Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Unwarranted Discretionary Behaviors? Principles? Principals? Or Both? American Review of Public Administration, 54(3), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074023 1213093

Castañeda-Rodríguez, V. M., & Leon-Silva, J. M. (2024). Transparency and its drivers. A study of the Colombian experience (2012-2016). Revista de Administracao Publica, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034- 761220230027x

Castelo, S. L., & Gomes, C. F. (2024). The role of performance measurement and management systems in changing public organizations: An exploratory study. Public Money and Management, 44(5), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.20 23.2204400

Cendrowicz, D., & Raszewska-Skałecka, R. (2023). Reforms of the administration of provision – selected directions of change and development in the sphere of public education and social welfare. Studia Iuridica Toruniensia, 32(1), 13– 32. https://doi.org/10.12775/SIT.2023.00 1

Chun, Z., Fuchong, L., & Xiaojun, W. (2023). Does Administrative Reform Improve the Business Environment in China? A Mixed-Method Analysis Based on Administrative Burden Theory. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2023(70), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.70E.2

Danar, O. R., Kusumasari, B., & Muluk, M. R. K. (2020). From phenomena to implementation: Lessons and challenges of administrative reforms in Indonesia. Public Administration Issues, 6, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431- 2020-0-6-33-50

Daniel, W. T., & Hurka, S. (2024). Unpacking the European Commission: Cabinet Composition and EU Policy-Making. Journal of Common Market Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13678

Dattero, A. (2024). Rationalization, privatization and sustainability: debates and reforms involving management of the Lombard forests in the 18th century. Historia Agraria, 92, 7–33. https://doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.09 2e05d

Demmke, C. (2020). Public administration reform over time – did change lead to a more effective integrity management? Central European Public Administration Review, 18(2), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2020. 2.01

Deviyanti, D., & Bintoro, K. (2021). Analisis Penerapan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Melalui Reformasi Birokrasi Menuju Wilayah Bebas Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih dan Melayani (WBK/WBBM). Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(6), 2679–2688.

Dwyer, J., Tenbensel, T., Lavoie, J., Martini, A., Brown, C., Devitt, J., Myott, P., Tilton, E., & Boulton, A. (2020). Public administration reform for Aboriginal affairs: An institutionalist analysis. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79(4), 550–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467- 8500.12422

Fejzullahu, A., & Belegu, B. (2022). The Challenges Of Public Administration Reforms In Kosovo In The Context Of Eurointegration Process. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(1), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA228129 2f

Goldfinch, S., & Halligan, J. (2024). Reform, hybridization, and revival: the status of new public management in Australia and New Zealand. Public Management Review, 26(9), 2542–2560. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.20 24.2329770

Gómez Muñoz, C. F., & Moreno Romero, A. (2024). Progressing toward Teal Organizations: An Assessment of Organizational Innovation in the Spanish Public Administrations. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114806

Greve, C., Ejersbo, N., Lægreid, P., & Rykkja, L. H. (2020). Unpacking Nordic Administrative Reforms: Agile and Adaptive Governments. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(8), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.20 19.1645688

Hanafi, Andhi Sukma & Harsono, Mugi. (2020). Pelaksanaan Reformasi Birokrasi dengan Pembangunan Zona Integritas pada Kementerian Perindustrian. JUKAP (Jurnal Informasi dan Komunikasi Administrasi Perkantoran), vol. 4, No.1.

Hapsari, Julia, et al., (2019). Impementasi Pembangunan Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas dari Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih dan Melayani di BBWS Pemali Juana Semarang. DIALOGUE, Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Vol. 1, No. 1.

Ingrams, A. (2020). Administrative Reform and the Quest for Openness: A Popperian Review of Open Government. Administration and Society, 52(2), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399719 875460

Jing, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Continuity Versus Change: Evolving Trajectories Of Chinese Public Administration. Public Administration Issues, 6, 70–83. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431- 2023-0-6-70-83

Jung, H. (2024). City-County Mergers In South Korea: Assessing Effects On Public Employment Size And Citizen Satisfaction. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2024(72), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.72E.4

Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. (2012). Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 60 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Pembangunan Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas Dari Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih dan Melayani di Lingkungan Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintahan

Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Penilaian Kinerja Unit Penyelenggara Pelayanan Publik. Kemenpan RB, 61. https://jdih.menpan.go.id/ data_puu/final 17.pdf

Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. (2021a). [LIVE] Penyampaian Hasil Evaluasi dan Penghargaan Pelayanan Publik di Lingkup K/L/D Tahun 2021. In Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. menpan.go.id. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0fv3So5Rkc

Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. (2021b). Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 90 Tahun 2021 tentang Pembangunan dan Evaluasi Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas dari Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih dan Melayani di Instansi Pemerintah.

Kim, P. S. (2022). A behavioral approach to administrative reform: a case study of promoting proactive administration in South Korea. Public Administration and Policy, 25(3), 310–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-08- 2022-0093

Kormych, L., Krasnopolska, T., & Kormych, A. (2024). Public Image of Ukrainian Customs: Trying to Lead a Camel through the Eye of a Needle. Lex Portus, 10(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.26886/2524- 101X.10.1.2024.2

Kuhlmann, S., & Heuberger, M. (2023). Digital transformation going local: implementation, impacts and constraints from a German perspective. Public Money and Management, 43(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.20 21.1939584

Lægreid, P., & Rykkja, L. H. (2020). Nordic administrative collaboration: Scope, predictors and effects on policy design and administrative reform measures. Politics and Governance, 8(4), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.32 81

Makhdum, H., Subagja, I. K., & Hakim, A. (2024). Strategi Penguatan Budaya Kerja BerAKHLAK Melalui Pembangunan Zona Integritas. Jurnal Administrasi Politik Dan Sosial, 5(3), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.46730/japs.v5i3.186

Mardiana, S., & Tarigan, D. H. (2024). Implementasi Manajemen Perubahan Dalam Pembangunan Zona Integritas Wilayah Bebas Dari Korupsi (ZIWBK) di KPP PMB: Implementasi Manajemen Perubahan Dalam Pembangunan Zona Integritas Wilayah Bebas Dari Korupsi (ZIWBK) di KPP PMB. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 3(3), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v3i3.2518

Melo, A. I., & Mota, L. F. (2020). Public sector reform and the state of performance management in Portugal: is there a gap between performance measurement and its use? International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(6–7), 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12- 2019-0325

Mingo, R. (2023). The marginality trap. Deconstructing the administrative framework for a reform of local governance: The case of Calabria between top-down and bottom-up dynamics. Regional Science Policy and Practice, 15(7), 1458–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12672

Myo Maung, A. (2020). Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs Administrative Reform in the Myanmar Police Force: Decision-Making and CommunityBased Policing. In Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs (Vol. 39, Issue 3).

O’Connor, K., Lasslett, K., Bunyan, S., & Duffy, D. (2023). What the public wants and how it is best served: forensic scientists’ perceptions of the drivers of public value creation. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 89(4), 1046–1061. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852322 1100916

Ongaro, E. (2024). The long and winding road towards the EU policy of support to Member States public administration reform: History (2000–2021) and prospects. Public Policy and Administration, 39(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076722 1117689

Profiroiu, A. G., Negoiță, I. C., Costea, V. A., & Pîrvu, C. (2024). Constitutional Court Jurisprudence And Its Role In Shaping Public Administration Reform In Romania. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2024(72), 121– 136. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.72E.7

Przybyła, K., Hełdak, M., Kachniarz, M., Ramsey, D., Kulczyk-Dynowska, A., & Szara, K. (2024). The Central Functions of Cities in Poland in Light of Administrative Reform. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188097

Pukhkal, O., Karlova, V., Reiterovych, I., Sytnyk, S., & Tyutyunnik, I. (2020). Decentralization as a Basis for Modernisation of Public Administration: European Experience for Ukraine. In International Journal of Criminology and Sociology (Vol. 9)

Rahmat, B. (2022). Pembaharuan Organisasi Sektor Publik dalam Perspektif Pemerintahan Daerah. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(5), 8390– 8395

Salem, K. N. (2023). Egypt Government Excellence Award: Who’s Perspective Is Being Assessed? Public Administration Issues, 6, 101– 121. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999- 5431-2023-0-6-101-121

Tian, Y., & Wang, Q. (2024). Priority Setting and Resource Allocation in Coastal Local Government Marine Regulatory Reform: Application of Machine Learning in Resource Optimization. Water (Switzerland), 16(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/w16111544

van der Heijden, M. (2024). What Does This Button Do? Departmental Restructurings, Information Processing, and Administrative Errors. International Journal of Public Administration, 47(6), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.20 22.2123503

Van Meter, D. and Van Horn C. E. (1975). "The Policy Implementation Process:A Conceptual Framework." Administration & Society 6(4): 445-488.

Wegrich, K. (2021). Is the turtle still plodding along? Public management reform in Germany. Public Management Review, 23(8), 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.20 20.1771011

Widowati, L., Setyowati, K., & Suharto, D. G. (2023). Dynamic Governance As Perspective in Indonesian Bureaucracy Reform: Qualitative Analysis of Indonesian Bureaucracy Reform Based on Dynamic Governance. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(2), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023. 403-415

Wilujeng, Deva Sasti & Lhaksmi Octavia Pramudyastuti. (2020). Evaluasi Penerapan Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas dari Korupsi dan WIlayah Birokraasi Bersih Melayani (Studi Pembangunan Zona Integritas Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang). Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology (JEMATech), Vol. 3, No. 2.

Winasta, K. Y. K., & Maradona, A. F. (2023). Dinamika Merger Institusi Pemerintah Dalam Perspektif Sistem Administrasi Publik. Media Bina Ilmiah, 17(7), 1613– 1622.

Zankina, E. (2020). Public Administration Reform in Bulgaria: Top-down and Externally-driven Approach. Central European Public Administration Review, 18(1), 89–124. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2020. 1.05