The Influence of Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a Mediating Variable

I Putu Aditya Endra PRATAMA; I Wayan Gde SARMAWA; Ni Made  WAHYUNI

doi:10.38142/ijesss.v6i4.1473

Authors

I Putu Aditya Endra PRATAMA Warmadewa University, Indonesia
I Wayan Gde SARMAWA Warmadewa University, Indonesia
Ni Made WAHYUNI Warmadewa University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v6i4.1473

Keywords:

Work Environment, Work Motivation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Employee Performance

Abstract

In today’s competitive era of globalization, the quality of human resources has become a critical factor in determining a company’s sustainability and performance. This study aims to examine the effect of the work environment and work motivation on employee performance, with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) serving as a mediating variable at CV. Mahaprima Textile. The research adopts a quantitative approach with an explanatory design, utilizing a census sampling technique by distributing structured questionnaires to all employees, totaling 68 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings reveal that while the work environment has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on employee performance, it exerts a positive and significant influence on OCB. Similarly, work motivation shows a positive yet insignificant effect on performance, but has a significant positive impact on OCB. Furthermore, OCB has a significant effect on employee performance and is found to fully mediate the relationship between the work environment and employee performance, as well as partially mediate the relationship between work motivation and performance. These results underscore the pivotal role of OCB in enhancing the impact of the work environment and work motivation on employee performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afandi, P. (2021). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Pekan Baru: Zanafa.

Alzubi, M. M., Al-Dubai, M. M., & Farea, M. M. (2019). Using the Technology Acceptance Model in Understanding Citizens’ Behavioural Intention to Use M-Marketing Among Jordanian Citizen. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(2).

Arshad, M., Khan, M. M., & Fareed, A. (2021). Impact of Prosocial Motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Managerial Support. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Management, 78-89.

Bohórquez, E., Caiche, W., Benavides, V., & Benavides, A. (2021). Motivation and Job Performance: Human Capital as a Key Factor for Organizational Success. In Congress in Sustainability, Energy and City (pp. 123-133). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Bozdoğan, S. C. (2022). Moderator Effect of Prosocial Motivation on Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Burnout. Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(49), 14-28.

Dewi, N. L. P. S., Sudarmini, K., & Idawati, I. A. A. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Pengalaman Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMK Kesehatan Bali Dewata. Warmadewa Management and Business Journal (WMBJ), 5(2), 125-132.

Dolonseda, H. P., & Watung, S. R. (2020). Dampak Lingkungan Kerja dan Etos Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Public Policy, 1(2), 288-297.

Erawati, K. N., Sitiari, N. W., & Indiani, N. L. P. (2019). The effect of stress and working environment on employee performance through motivation mediation: a case study on international restaurant in Badung Bali. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Jagaditha, 6(1), 22-30.

Faizah, R., Sugiyanto, & Wardani, E. (2021). Influence of Servant Leadership, Organizational Safety Culture, and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Application of Patient Safety with Affective Organizational Commitment. Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan, 10(2), 177-190.

Farisi, R., & Mulyana, A. (2021). The Influence of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Job Satisfaction as An Intervening Variable at the Youth and Sports Office of North Sumatra Province. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 12(1), 88-99.

Gagné, M., Parker, S. K., Griffin, M. A., Dunlop, P. D., Knight, C., Klonek, F. E., & Parent-Rocheleau, X. (2022). Understanding and Shaping the Future of Work with Self-Determination Theory. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(7), 378-392.

Herlina, T. (2020). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 5(1), 112-125.

Hermawan, A. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Stres Kerja, Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja PT Sakti Mobile Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen, 9(1), 85-96.

Hikmah, M., & Lukito, H. (2021). Peran Worklife Balance dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 8(1), 64-74.

Kasmir. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori dan Praktik) (Edisi ke-. 5). Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Kaswan. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Kencana.

Kurnianto, A., & Kharisudin, F. (2022). Analisis Jalur Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Variabel Intervening Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 15(1), 57-72.

Linda, S. A., Laksmi, A. R. S., & Larantika, A. D. (2023). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Organizational Citizenship BehaviorPegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Kantor Kecamatan Kota Waingapu Kabupaten Sumba Timur–NTT. Public Inspiration: Jurnal Administrasi Publik Universitas Warmadewa, 8(1), 1-12.

Malik, S. Y., Hayat Mughal, Y., Azam, T., Cao, Y., Wan, Z., Zhu, H., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Corporate social Responsibility, Green Human Resources Management, and Sustainable Performance: is Organizational Citizenship Behavior Towards Environment the Missing Link? Sustainability, 13(3), 1044.

Mangkunegara, A. A. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Marjaya, D., & Pasaribu, H. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis, 19(1), 45-56.

Molines, M., et al. (2022). Motivated to serve: A Regulatory Perspective on Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Public Administration Review, 82(3), 512-528.

Mustofa, M., & Muafi, M. (2021). The Influence of Situational Leadership on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction and Islamic Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Islamic Business and Management, 11(1), 63-77.

Muttaqien, M. (2021). Organizational Culture, Discipline, and Work Motivation to Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) employees. Journal of Business and Management, 17(2), 121-133.

Parashakti, R. D., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., Hyun, C. C., & Mustofa, A. (2020). The Influence of Work Environment and Competence on Motivation and Its Impact on Employee Performance in Health Sector. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 1(2), 37-50.

Pasaribu, S. B. (2022). The Role of Situational Leadership on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Employee Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 896539.

Piyandini, L., Nurweni, H., & Hartati, R. (2021). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Motivasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Karyawan PT Sport Glove Indonesia Cabang Wonosari. Cakrawangsa Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2).

Pratami, N. W. C. A. (2022). Pengaruh Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja Pada Kinerja Karyawan Pada Biro Bamakermas, Universitas Warmadewa. Wacana Ekonomi (Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Akuntansi), 21(2), 150-157.

Priscilla, Y. G., Maharani, D., & Muchsinati, E. S. (2024). Analysis The Influence of Motivation, Work Environment, Workplace Spirituality, And Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb), With Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Factor, Among Employees in Beauty Clinics in The City of Batam. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 5(1), 54-63.

Putri, R. A., et al. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Sebagai Variabel Mediasi di Universitas Bina Insan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 12(1), 1-12.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Rofi, K. (2021). Pengaruh Motivasi, Insentif, dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Az-zahra Cakrawala Nusantara Malang. Doctoral dissertation. STIE Malangkucecwara.

Rumengan, A. E., Wahyuni, E. S., Ramadhan, F., & Gunawan, D. (2022). Does Organizational Commitment Mediate the Relationship Between Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior? Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3).

Ryan, R. M., Duineveld, J. J., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., Steward, B. A., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2022). We Know this Much is (meta-analytically) true: a Meta-Review of Meta-Analytic Findings Evaluating Self-Determination Theory. Psychological Bulletin, 148(11-12), 813.

Sanjaya, I. P. B., Putra, I. B. U., & Yamawati, N. K. S. (2022). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Danadyaksa di Tabanan. Warmadewa Management and Business Journal (WMBJ), 4(1), 33-40.

Sarıköse, S., & Göktepe, N. (2022). Effects of Nurses’ Individual, Professional and Work Environment Characteristics on Job Performance. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(5-6), 633-641.

Sedarmayanti. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: Refika Aditama.

Simamora, R. H., Halim, A., & Muda, I. (2019). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance with Employee Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a Mediation Variable In Mandiri Inhealth. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 8(4), 124-132.

Sinambela, L. P. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.

Suari, D. P. A. M., Putra, I. B. U., & Amerta, I. M. S. (2022). The Role of Motivation In Mediating The Effect Of Placement And Discipline On Employee Performance At Uptd Pprd Bali Province In Gianyar District. JMM17: Jurnal Ilmu ekonomi dan manajemen, 9(01), 56-68.

Subu, N. V. D., & Rokhman, N. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kopi nJongke dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) sebagai Pemediasi. Cakrawangsa Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 3(2), 249.

Sunyoto. (2015). Penelitian Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Buku. Seru.

Supriyanto, A. S., Ekowati, V. M., Hariyono, S. B., & Maghfuroh, M. F. (2019). The Relationship Among Spiritual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Employee Performance. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 887-896.

Susilo, A., & Muhardono, D. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Tenaga Pendidik. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 26(2), 154-165.

Widisatria, B., & Nawangsari, A. P. (2021). The Influence of Green Transformational Leadership and Motivation to Sustainable Corporate Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior for The Environment As A Mediating: Case Study at PT Karya Mandiri Sukses Sentosa. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(1), 89-102.

Yaakobi, E., & Weisberg, J. (2020). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Predicts Quality, Creativity, and Efficiency Performance: The Roles of Occupational and Collective Efficacies. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 758.

Yanti, N. N. S. A., Lestari, F. P., Prasetya, W., Ratu, L. P., Irawan, P., Murti R, A., ... & Dewi, I. C. (2023). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Internasional. Bandung: Penerbit Widina.

Zhenjing, L., et al. (2022). Impact of Employees' Workplace Environment on Employees' Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(5), 1123-1138.

Martini, I. A. O., & Sarmawa, I. W. G. (2019). The role of the employee work motivation in mediating the work culture towards their performance. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha, 6(1), 15-21.

Sarmawa, I. W. G., Suryani, N. K., & Riana, I. G. (2015). Commitment and competency as an organizational citizenship behaviour predictor and its effect on the performance. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(1), 1-13.

Wardana, I. G. N. A. W., Amerta, I. M. S., & Sarmawa, I. W. G. (2025). The Influence of Work Environment and Organizational Communication on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction as a Mediation in Savings and Loan Cooperatives in Tanah Lot Tabanan Bali. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 6(1), 201-215.