Local Hybrid Newspapers Typology: Three Cases From Radar Media Group Members In Indonesia

Budi NUGRAHA; Udi RUSADI; Jamalullail JAMALULLAIL

doi:10.38142/ijesss.v3i3.279

Authors

Budi NUGRAHA Sahid University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Udi RUSADI Institute of Social and Political Sciences Jakarta, Indonesia
Jamalullail JAMALULLAIL Sahid University, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v3i3.279

Keywords:

Hybrid Newspaper, Market Structure, Complementarity Hypothesis, Local Newspaper, Indonesia

Abstract

The survival of print media in the internet and social media era is increasingly threatened, especially with the increase in paper prices and the shift of advertisers to online media. One common strategy that print newspapers adopt is to establish an online version of the print newspaper and, accordingly, become a hybrid newspaper. This paper explores how three hybrid local newspapers in Indonesia reacted to the challenges of digitalization in three different market structures: monopolistic, duopoly, and oligopoly. We see this as a form of media behavior in dealing with market structures formulated in the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. The analysis attempts to find a typology of local hybrid newspapers based on the three interrelated components of SCP. The data of this study were obtained from interviews with top management of the three newspapers, accompanied by primary and secondary literature studies. The study found different practices of the three newspapers responding to their respective markets in terms of organizational structure, content, and support channels, online and offline. It allows us to formulate three types of mixed media: social hybrid media, business hybrid media, and Omni hybrid media. Strategy carried out by the business hybrid media allows gain profits and improve employee welfare

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adoni, H., & Nimrod, G. (2020). The Emergence of the Hybrid Older Reader: A Cross-National Study. Communications, 45(4), 414–439. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2033

Åkesson, M., Sørensen, C., & Eriksson, C. I. (2018). Ambidexterity Under Digitalization: A Tale of Two Decades of New Media at A Swedish Newspaper. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 29.

Albarran, A. B. (2010). The Media Economy (1. publ). Routledge.

Albarran, A. B. (2019). Media Economics Research: A History of the Field. In A. Albarran, A Research Agenda for Media Economics (pp. 1–12). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788119061.00006

Almeida-Santana, A., Moreno, S., & Boza, J. (2018). The Paradox of Cultural and Media Convergence. Segmenting the European Tourist Market by Information Sources and Motivations. Journal of Tourism Research, 20(5), 613–625.

Alsarraj, A. (2011). Online News Services among Jordanian Universities Students: A Comparison Study Between Hybrid & Pure Online News Websites. Middle East University.

Andarwati, M., Assih, P., Amrullah, F., Putri, D. M., & Thamrin, E. (2020). The success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Actual Technology Use in e-Marketplace Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Analysis. 2020 6th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET51153.2020.9276594

Chyi, H. I., & Tenenboim, O. (2017). Reality Check: Multiplatform Newspaper Readership in the United States, 2007–2015. Journalism Practice, 11(7), 798–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1208056

Chyi, H. I., & Tenenboim, O. (2019). Charging More and Wondering Why Readership Declined? A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Newspapers’ Price Hikes, 2008–2016. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2113–2129. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1568903

Cunningham, B. (2018). Evolving Research and Theories in Media Economics. In A. B. Albarran, B. Mierzejewska, & J. Jung (Eds.), Handbook of Media Management and Economics (2nd Edition, Pp. 36–51). Routledge.

Davis, I. (2020). "Es Verdad hay q matarlas a todas": Online discourse surrounding “e” as a gender-neutral morpheme in Spanish. Youngstown State University.

Dermendjieva, G., & Slavova, R. (2018). Online Sharing Platforms as a Medium for the Emergence of Viral Content. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 177–199. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.177199

Dimmick, J., Chen, Y., & Li, Z. (2004). Competition Between the Internet and Traditional News Media: The Gratification-Opportunities Niche Dimension. Journal of Media Economics, 17(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1701_2

Eigruber, M., & Wirl, F. (2020). Cheating as a dynamic marketing strategy in monopoly, cartel, and duopoly. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 28(2), 461–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00652-x

Finneman, T., Mari, W., & Thomas, R. J. (2021). "I Did not Know How We Were Going to Survive": U.S. Community Newspapers' Resilience During COVID-19. Journalism Practice, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1957703

Finneman, T., & Thomas, R. J. (2021). “Our Company is in Survival Mode”: Metajournalistic Discourse on COVID-19’s Impact on U.S. Community Newspapers. Journalism Practice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1888149

Hackley, C., & Hackley, A. R. (2019). Advertising at the Threshold: Paratextual Promotion in the Era of Media Convergence. Marketing Theory, 19(2), 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593118787581

Hassan, I., & Azmi, M. N. L. (2018). Readers’ Preferences for Print and Online Newspapers in Northwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), Pages 965-974. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4294

Heckman, M., & Wihbey, J. (2019). The Local-Mobile Paradox: Missed Innovation Opportunities at Local Newspapers. Newspaper Research Journal, 40(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532919835610

Hess, K., & Waller, L. J. (2021). Local Newspapers and Coronavirus: Conceptualising Connections, Comparisons, and Cures. Media International Australia, 178(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20956455

Jenkins, J., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). Preservation and Evolution: Local Newspapers as Ambidextrous Organizations. Journalism, 21(4), 472–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919886421

Kaiser, U., & Kongsted, H. C. (2005). Do Magazines’ “Companion Websites” Cannibalize the Demand for the Print Version? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.774785

Leckner, S. (2007). Is the Medium the Message? [Disertasi Doktor]. KTH.

Leurdijk, A., Nieuwenhuis, O., & Poel, M. (2014). The Newspaper Industry. In G. De Prato, E. Sanz, & J. P. Simon (Eds.), Digital Media Worlds (pp. 147–162). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344250

Li, Y., & Thorson, E. (2018). Converting Cultural Capital into Economic Capital: A Hybrid Newspaper’s Content Management and Performance During Economic Turbulence. Journal of Media Business Studies, 15(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2018.1445159

Lie, M. P. (2018). Local Newspapers, Facebook and Local Civic Engagement: A Study of Media Use in Two Norwegian Communities. Nordicom Review, 39(2), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-0011

Mbozi, P. (2021). Displacement and Substitutability Effects of Online Newspapers on Traditional Media: A Zambian Perspective. In H. S. Dunn, D. Moyo, W. O. Lesitaokana, & S. B. Barnabas (Eds.), Re-imagining Communication in Africa and the Caribbean (pp. 235–254). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54169-9_13

Neyazi, T. A., Kumar, A., & Dutta, M. J. (2019). Channel Complementarity or Displacement? Theory and Evidence from a non-Western Election Context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 63(4), 656–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1689072

Ramstad, G. O. (1997). A Model for Structural Analysis of the Media Market. Journal of Media Economics, 10(3), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1003_4

Ridder, H.-G. (2017). The Theory Contribution of Case Study Research Designs. Business Research, 10(2), 281–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-017-0045-z

Santín, M., & Álvarez-Monzoncillo, J.-M. (2020). The use of YouTube by the Spanish press: A model to be defined. El Profesional de La Información, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.16

Siegert, G., Gerth, M. A., & Rademacher, P. (2011). Brand Identity-Driven Decision Making by Journalists and Media Managers-The MBAC Model as a Theoretical Framework. International Journal on Media Management, 13(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2010.545363

Sjøvaag, H., & Krumsvik, A. H. (2018). In Search of Journalism Funding: Scenarios for future media policy in Norway. Journalism Practice, 12(9), 1201–1219. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1370972

Sung, N., & Kim, J. (2020). Does the internet kill newspapers? The case of South Korea. Telecommunications Policy, 44(4), 101955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101955

Tafesse, W., & Kitchen, P. J. (2017). IMC – an integrative review. International Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1114168

Tang, Y. (Elina), Sridhar, S. (Hari), Thorson, E., & Mantrala, M. K. (2011). The Bricks That Build the Clicks: Newsroom Investments and Newspaper Online Performance. International Journal on Media Management, 13(2), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2011.568420

Thurman, N., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Effects of a Magazine’s Move to Online-only: Post-print Audience Attention and Readership Retention Revisited. Journalism Practice, 14(10), 1225–1243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1685903

Vandenplas, R., & Picone, I. (2021). Media as the Great Emancipators? Exploring Relations Between Media Repertoires and Cultural Participation in Flanders. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 27(5), 1439–1461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856521990246

Vonbun-Feldbauer, R., & Matthes, J. (2018). Do Channels Matter? : Investigating Media Characteristics in the Agenda-Building Process of an Election Campaign. Journalism Studies, 19(16), 2359–2378. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1349547

Wang, H., & Sparks, C. (2019). Marketing Credibility: Chinese Newspapers’ Responses to Revenue Losses from Falling Circulation and Advertising Decline. Journalism Studies, 20(9), 1301–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1513815

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (Sixth edition). SAGE.