Wastewater Treatment Plant Management as an Indicator of Green Hospital Implementation: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v7i5.2126Keywords:
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Green Hospital, Hospital, Environmental Sustainability, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a crucial component of hospital pollution control. Assessing "green hospital" implementation requires considering effluent quality, resource usage, and operational management. Objective: To review evidence regarding WWTP management and formulate assessment criteria for green hospital implementation. Methods: A rapid systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted via four web searches on October 3, 2026. Primary research articles in Indonesian or English, published between 2020 and 2026, addressing hospital wastewater or relevant green hospital attributes, were included. Results: Of 79 records, 17 duplicates were removed and 62 records were screened. Forty-two records were excluded; full texts were sought for 20 reports and obtained for nine. Nine studies were included, while 11 reports remained inaccessible. Evidence revealed variations in treatment performance, residual antibiotics and resistant bacteria, a need for improved maintenance, and the impact of energy consumption. Some reports contained numerical inconsistencies that limited interpretation. Discussion: The mere presence of a WWTP and a reduction in pollutants are insufficient to assess sustainability. Measurements must encompass effluent compliance, operational stability, energy use, reuse safety, and worker protection. Conclusion: WWTP management can serve as an environmental indicator for green hospitals. Available evidence does not yet validate the WWTP as a standalone indicator or establish a single best technology for all hospitals.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mangde Anata Sindhu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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