Environmental Spatial Analysis of Water-Provisioning Ecosystem Carrying Capacity and Food-Crop Land Allocation in Dryland Agriculture In South Central Timor Regency, Indonesia

Robertho kadji; Ika Fitri Krisnasiwi; Bayu Mahendra

doi:10.38142/ijesss.v7i5.2077

Authors

Robertho kadji Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
Ika Fitri Krisnasiwi Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia
Bayu Mahendra Universitas Cendana Kupang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v7i5.2077

Keywords:

Water Provisioning, Ecosystem Services, Carrying Capacity, Dryland Agriculture, Spatial Mismatch, Semi-Arid Indonesia, Timor Tengah Selatan

Abstract

Abstract:
Water provisioning is a structural determinant of dryland-farming productivity in semi-arid Eastern Indonesia, yet the spatial coherence between water-provisioning ecosystem carrying capacity and the food-crop allocation prescribed by the regency Spatial Plan remains insufficiently quantified. This study evaluates the Water-Provisioning Ecosystem Service Index (IJL-PA) for South Central Timor (Timor Tengah Selatan, TTS) Regency under the three-proxy framework prescribed by Government Regulation No. 26 of 2025, focusing on the food-crop zone (P-1) overlaid on the dryland agriculture (PLK) land cover. The 393,233 ha regency was disaggregated through a GIS-based weighted overlay of landform (32 percent), natural vegetation (8 percent), and land cover (60 percent) layers, and subsequently intersected with the regency Spatial Plan and the PLK extent. The results indicate that 58.86 percent of TTS falls within the Low IJL-PA class and only 6.98 percent reaches the High or Very High class. Although the aggregate Water Carrying Capacity ratio (DDA) reaches 1.10, 20 of 32 sub-districts record a DDA below one, with Kokbaun reaching 0.13. Of the 41,315 ha food-crop allocation, 58.3 percent of the P-1 by PLK intersection (33,412 ha) is placed on Low to Very-Low IJL-PA, indicating a structural spatial mismatch that warrants explicit revision of the Spatial Plan and prioritization of soil-water conservation packages in the forthcoming Regional Environmental Protection and Management Plan.

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APPENDIX. MAPS

Each map exported at 300 dpi, with a north arrow, scale bar, and legend reflecting the 1 to 5 score or the five IJL-PA classes. The maps could be seen in this following link: https://tinyurl.com/nh393ew4

Figure 1 (Methods, III.A). Landform proxy (Bentang Alam) map of TTS, derived from DEMNAS 8.3 m, reclassified to a 1 to 5 score per Annex II of PP 26/2025.

Figure 2 (Methods, III.B). Natural Vegetation proxy (Vegetasi Alami) map of TTS, reclassified from BPKH XIV (2024) land cover with field-validated strata into a 1 to 5 score.

Figure 3 (Methods, III.F). Land Cover proxy (Penutupan Lahan) map of TTS from BPKH XIV (2024), reclassified to a 1 to 5 score; highlight the PLK and PLKBS extent (37.40 percent).

Figure 4 (Results, IV.B). Three-layer overlay map: IJL-PA index by Food-Crop allocation (P-1) by PLK land cover, with the Low to Very Low mismatch zones emphasised