THE The Role of EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) in Solid Waste-Powered Microbial Fuel Cells: Investigating Voltage Output and Electrical Conductivity For Bioelectricity Generation

Ida MUNFARIDA; Shinfi Wazna  AUVARIA

doi:10.38142/ijesss.v5i5.1164

Authors

Ida MUNFARIDA UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indoneisa
Shinfi Wazna AUVARIA UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indoneisa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v5i5.1164

Keywords:

Electrical Conductivity, EM4, MFCs, Solid Waste, Voltage

Abstract

The increasing global demand for renewable energy and sustainable waste management solutions has inspired interest in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a dual-purpose technology for bioelectricity generation and waste treatment. This study explores the role of EM4, a consortium of effective microorganisms, in enhancing the voltage output and electrical conductivity of solid waste-powered MFCs. A batch system bioreactor assessed the impact of varying organic waste-to-zeolite ratios on MFC performance. The results demonstrated that a 1:1 ratio of organic waste to zeolite produced the highest electrical conductivity (3160 µS/cm) and the most substantial voltage output (777.5 mV) by day three of the experiment. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, revealed significant differences in voltage output across treatments, with a positive correlation between electrical conductivity and voltage production. These findings highlight the potential of integrating EM4 and conductive materials like zeolite to optimize bioelectricity generation in MFCs, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bashir, S., Mulvaney, S.P., Houf, W., Villanueva, L., Wang, Z., Buck G. & Liu, J.L. (2021). Microbial Fuel Cells: Design and Evaluation of Catalysts and Device. In: Gao, Yj., Song, W., Liu, J.L., Bashir, S. (eds) Advances in Sustainable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74406-9_24.

Calderon, S.L., Avelino, P.G., Baena-Moncada, A.M. et al. (2020). Electrical energy generation in a double-compartment microbial fuel cell using Shewanella spp. strains isolated from Odontesthes regia. Sustain Environ Res 30 (31): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-020-00073-5.

De La Cruz-Noriega, M., Benites, S.M., Rojas-Flores, S., Otiniano, N.M., Sabogal Vargas, A.M., Alfaro, R., Cabanillas-Chirinos, L., Rojas-Villacorta, W., Nazario-Naveda, R. & Delfín-Narciso, D. (2023). Use of Wastewater and Electrogenic Bacteria to Generate Eco-Friendly Electricity through Microbial Fuel Cells. Sustainability 15 (10640): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310640.

Elhenawy, S., Khraisheh, M., AlMomani, F., Al-Ghouti, M. & Hassan, M.K. (2022). From Waste to Watts: Updates on Key Applications of Microbial Fuel Cells in Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production. Sustainability 14 (955):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020955.

Ghanam, A., Cecillon, S., Sabac, A., Mohammadi, H., Amine, A., Buret, F. & Haddour, N. (2023). Untreated vs. Treated Carbon Felt Anodes: Impacts on Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells. Micromachines 14 (2142):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122142.

Gurikar, C., Vandana, H.B., Netravati, B.P., et al. (2021). Microbial Fuel Cells: An Alternate Approach for Bioelectricity Generation and Waste Management. J Pure Appl Microbiol 15 (4):1833-1845. doi: 10.22207/JPAM.15.4.74.

Hosney, A., Ullah, S. & Bar?auskait?, K. (2022). A Review of the Chemical Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Wastes and Prediction of Factors Affecting Chitosan Yield by Using an Artificial Neural Network. Mar. Drugs 20 (675):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110675.

Khater, D.Z., Amin, R.S., Zhran, M.O. et al. (2022). The enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance by anodic bacterial community adaptation and cathodic mixed nickel–copper oxides on a graphene electrocatalyst. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 20 (12): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00292-2.

Martinez, R.D.R. (2024). Plant–microbial fuel cell for electrical generation through living plants: an internal resistance insight into the plant species used, Clean Energy 8 (5): 45–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkae053.

Paul, D., Noori, M.T., Rajesh, P.P., Ghangrekar, M.M. & Mitra, A. (2018). Modification of carbon felt anode with graphene oxide-zeolite composite for enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cell. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 26: 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2017.10.001.

Parwate, S.A., Xue, W., Koottatep, T. & Salam, A. (2024). Organic Waste for Bioelectricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells: Effects of Feed Physicochemical Characteristics. Processes 12 (1110):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12061110.

Safwat, S.M. & (2021). Matta, M.E. Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 68 (48): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-021-00049-1.

Venkatesan, P.N. & Dharmalingam, S. (2015). Effect of zeolite on SPEEK /zeolite hybrid membrane as electrolyte for microbial fuel cell applications. RSC Advances 5:84004-84013. DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14701h.

Zarena, A.S. (2023). Bioelectricity Generation from Organic Waste Using Microbial Fuel Cell. In: Kashyap, B.K., Solanki, M.K. (eds) Current Research Trends and Applications in Waste Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3106-4_9.