Long Rang Trans-Boundary Air Pollution Smelter Case Arbitration Outcome

Negesse Asnake  AYALEW

doi:10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.11

Authors

Negesse Asnake AYALEW Ethiopian police university college, Sendafa,, Ethiopia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.11

Abstract

The purpose of the investment is to bring benefits to the owners and sustainable development for the local community and for future generations. Arbitration is the process of resolving legal disputes between individuals, groups and countries. Every investment activity must ensure sustainable development to respect the rights of future generations. However; Canadian zinc smelting companies emit sulfur dioxide and cause air pollution in the United States. This created a dispute between Canada and the United States, then they agreed to settle it through a neutral arbitration court. As a result, this arbitration court ruling creates two principles of international environmental law primarily; the polluter pays the principle and obligation of the state not to damage the environment outside its jurisdiction. This arbitration award establishes the concept of Harm across borders and the principle of polluter pays to ensure the sovereignty of international environmental law. Therefore; if disputes arise between countries, they can resolve them through peaceful dispute resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation and arbitration

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Albert Fiadjoe, Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Developing World Perspective, Dispute resolution (Law), first published in Great Britain 2004 by Cavendish Publishing Limited, Data available ISBN 1-85941-912-7, p.

Bratspies, Rebecca M. and Miller, Russell A., eds., Transboundary Harm in International Law: Lessons from the Trail Smelter Arbitration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Catherine Prunella, an International Environmental Law Case Study: The Trail Smelter Arbitration, December 2014

Dinwoodie, D. H. The Politics of International Pollution Control: The Trail Smelter Case. International Journal 27(2) (Spring 1972): 219-35. JSTOR. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. Trail Smelter Arbitration, U.S.-Canada, Special Agreement: Convention of Ottawa, Aug. 15, 1938, Ottawa, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 3

Gray, K. (2006). Trans-boundary Environmental Disputes along the Canada-US Frontier: Revisiting the Efficacy of Applying the Rules of State Responsibility. Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire Canadien De Droit International, 43, 333-391

Islamic Principles for the Conservation of the Natural Environment (IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper 20, 1983).

Nicholas A. Robinson, Training Manual on International Environmental Law Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University, nrobinson@law.pace.edu,2006

Nicolas De Sadeleer, Environmental Principles: From Political Slogans to Legal Rules, (Oxford University Press, 2002).

Patricia W. Birnie and Alan E. Boyle, International Law and The Environment, (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

Prof. Alexandre Kiss, Director of Research, Centre for Environmental Law, Robert Schuman University, France

Scheffer, Theodore C. and Hedgcoc, George G. Injury to Northwestern Forest Trees by Sulfur Dioxide by Smelters. Bulletin No. 1117, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service. (June 1955).

The Council of Europe Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Resulting from Activities Dangerous to the Environment which was done at Lugano, 21 June 1998, Art.2.10

Trail Smelter Arbitration, U.S.-Canada, Decision, March 11th, 1941, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 3 1938-1982.

Trail Smelter Arbitration, U.S.-Canada, Special Agreement: Convention of Ottawa, Aug. 15, 1938, Ottawa, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 3 1907-1910.

Trail Smelter Arbitration, U.S.-Canada, Trail Smelter Arbitral Tribunal, Aug. 16, 1938, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 3 1911-1937.

The Trail Smelter Case Re-examined: Examining the Development of National Procedural Mechanisms to Resolve a Trail Smelter Type Dispute Martijn van de Kerkhof Merkourios 2011 – Volume 27/Issue 73, Article, pp. 68-83.

Wirth, John D. Smelter Smoke in North America: The Politics of Transborder Pollution. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2000. Print.